Словник нідерландських скорочень
Від офіційних документів до невимушеного листування - розшифруйте скорочення, які насправді використовують голландці.
Нідерландська мова сповнена скорочень, і вони трапляються всюди: у державних документах, у повідомленнях WhatsApp та у повсякденному листуванні. Цей словник охоплює обидва боки - офіційні скорочення, які знадобляться вам для життя в Нідерландах, і скорочення з нідерландських повідомлень, листів та форумів. Шукаєте студентський і молодіжний сленг? Перегляньте наш Словник нідерландського сленгу.
71 скорочення
🏛️ Офіційні та практичні
BSN - Burgerservicenummer - your personal citizen service number, needed for almost everything official: work, healthcare, banking, benefits.
DigiD - Your digital ID for logging into government websites - the Belastingdienst, your gemeente, and more.
IND - Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst - the Immigration and Naturalisation Service, handles visas, residence permits and citizenship.
UWV - Handles unemployment benefit (WW), sick leave, and reintegration support.
Gemeente - Your local municipality - handles registration (inschrijving), permits, and local taxes.
Belastingdienst - The Dutch tax authority - income tax, toeslagen (benefits), and more, all in one place.
GGD - Gemeentelijke Gezondheidsdienst - the regional public health service, runs vaccination programs and health checks.
Zvw - Zorgverzekeringswet - the law behind the mandatory basic health insurance every resident must have.
Eigen risico - The mandatory annual healthcare deductible you pay before insurance covers costs (GP visits are always free).
Zorgtoeslag - An income-tested government allowance that offsets your health insurance premium.
Huurtoeslag - An income-tested government allowance toward your rent, if your rent and income qualify.
Kinderopvangtoeslag - A government allowance reimbursing a large share of registered childcare costs.
Kindgebonden budget - An income-tested allowance for parents, paid on top of the standard child benefit.
AOW - Algemene Ouderdomswet - the Dutch state pension everyone living or working in NL builds up automatically.
WW - Werkloosheidswet - the unemployment benefit law (and the benefit itself).
KvK - Kamer van Koophandel - the Chamber of Commerce, where you register a business.
BTW - Belasting Toegevoegde Waarde - VAT, the sales tax added to most goods and services.
IBAN - Your international bank account number - the standard format for Dutch (and EU) bank accounts.
OV - Openbaar Vervoer - public transport in general (trains, buses, trams, metro).
OV-chipkaart - The reusable card (or phone app) used to pay for public transport across the whole country.
NS - Nederlandse Spoorwegen - the main Dutch railway operator.
RDW - The vehicle registration authority - license plates, roadworthiness (APK), and vehicle approval.
CBR - The authority that administers Dutch driving tests, both theory and practical.
ANWB - The Dutch motoring and roadside-assistance association - similar to AAA or the RAC.
BPM - A CO2-based registration tax on new or imported cars - a big reason cars cost more in NL than nearby countries.
MRB / Wegenbelasting - Ongoing road tax, based on your vehicle's weight and fuel type.
WOZ - Waardering Onroerende Zaken - the official assessed value of your home, used to calculate property tax.
OZB - Onroerendezaakbelasting - the municipal property tax based on your home's WOZ value.
Huurcommissie - The independent rent tribunal - tenants can challenge an excessive rent here, often for a small fee.
WWS - Woningwaarderingsstelsel - the points system that sets a rental's legal maximum rent.
NHG - Nationale Hypotheek Garantie - a government-backed mortgage guarantee that typically lowers your interest rate.
Inburgering - The civic integration process - Dutch language and society requirements for certain residence permit holders.
KNM - Kennis van de Nederlandse Maatschappij - the "Knowledge of Dutch Society" exam, part of inburgering.
MBO / HBO / WO - The three main Dutch education levels: vocational, applied sciences (university of applied sciences), and academic university.
EC - European Credits - study credits; one EC roughly represents 28 hours of study.
BSA - Bindend Studieadvies - a binding first-year study advice; too few credits and a student may have to leave the program.
DUO - Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs - handles Dutch student finance (loans and grants) and study registration.
Wmo - Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning - the Social Support Act, municipal support for elderly or disabled residents.
CAK - Handles central billing for long-term and social care contributions.
💬 Чат і листування
idd - Inderdaad - "indeed" / "exactly."
ivm - In verband met - "in connection with" / "because of."
iig - In ieder geval - "anyway" / "in any case."
oid - Of iets dergelijks - "or something like that."
zsm - Zo snel mogelijk - "as soon as possible."
mvg - Met vriendelijke groet - "kind regards," the standard formal email sign-off.
gr / grtjs - Groet(jes) - a casual "greetings" / "bye" used to end a message.
tvp - Te veel plaatjes - "too many pictures," a compliment left on a great photo.
mbt - Met betrekking tot - "regarding" / "with respect to."
agv - Als gevolg van - "as a result of."
evt - Eventueel - "possibly" / "if needed."
nvt - Niet van toepassing - "not applicable," common on forms.
vwb - Voor wat betreft - "as for" / "regarding."
itt - In tegenstelling tot - "in contrast to" / "unlike."
t/m - Tot en met - "up to and including" (very common on schedules and dates).
a.s. - Aanstaande - "upcoming" / "next," e.g. "vrijdag a.s." (this coming Friday).
bijv. - Bijvoorbeeld - "for example."
enz. - Enzovoort - "etcetera."
nl. - Namelijk - "namely" / "that is."
o.a. - Onder andere - "among other things."
resp. - Respectievelijk - "respectively."
t.a.v. - Ter attentie van - "for the attention of," used addressing letters/emails.
zg. - Zogenaamd - "so-called."
a.u.b. / svp - Alstublieft / s'il vous plaît-style abbreviation - "please."
dhr. / mevr. - De heer / mevrouw - "Mr." / "Mrs.," used in formal letters.
n.a.v. - Naar aanleiding van - "following on from" / "in response to."
d.m.v. - Door middel van - "by means of."
z.o.z. - Zie ommezijde - "see other side," written at the bottom of a physical page.
w.o. - Waaronder - "including" / "among which."
b.v. / bv. - Besloten vennootschap when capitalized (a private limited company) - lowercase "bv." is sometimes used informally like "bijv."
inclu. - Inclusief - "included" / "inclusive of."
vp - Veel plezier - "have fun."